Arithmetic
Arithmetic is the branch of mathematics that deals with basic operations involving numbers.
It is considered one of the fundamental branches of mathematics and serves as the foundation for more advanced mathematical concepts. Arithmetic operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
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Addition: It is the process of combining two or more numbers to find their sum. For example, the addition of 2 and 3 results in 5 (2 + 3 = 5).
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Subtraction: It involves finding the difference between two numbers. It is the inverse operation of addition. For example, the subtraction of 5 from 9 results in 4 (9 - 5 = 4).
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Multiplication: This operation involves repeated addition or the process of finding the product of two or more numbers. For example, the multiplication of 3 and 4 results in 12 (3 × 4 = 12).
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Division: Division is the process of splitting a quantity into equal parts or finding how many times one number is contained within another. For example, the division of 20 by 5 results in 4 (20 ÷ 5 = 4).
In arithmetic, numbers are usually classified into different sets, such as natural numbers (1, 2, 3, ...), whole numbers (0, 1, 2, ...), integers (..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...), rational numbers (numbers that can be expressed as a fraction of two integers), and real numbers (all rational and irrational numbers).
The basic arithmetic operations can be performed on numbers from these different sets.
Arithmetic lays the groundwork for more advanced branches of mathematics, such as algebra, calculus, and number theory.
It is essential in everyday life for tasks involving calculations, measurements, and problem-solving. Additionally, arithmetic forms the basis for financial and economic calculations, as well as many other practical applications in various fields.
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